Brain Inflammatory Injury In S. Pneumoniae Pneumonia-Induced Sepsis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae ) is a lethal bacterial pathogen to humans, accounting for the majority of cases of pneumonia and many cases of septic shock with multiple organ dysfunction leading to death. A mouse model of S. pneumoniae pneumonia-induced sepsis was used for this project. Lung pneumonia was assessed by histology, myeloperoxidase and bacterial load. Brain leukocyte recruitment was assessed by intravital microscopy. Brain function was assessed by different behavioral tests that evaluate general activity, exploratory behavior, novelty recognition, anxiety, spatial learning and memory. Brain MRI imaging and myelin content assessments were conducted. Cytokines levels in blood and brain were assessed by Luminex. S. pneumoniae infection induces an increased bacterial load in the lungs of infected mice. In the blood bacterial load is very low. In the brain of infected mice, an increased neutrophil rolling flux and adhesion is observed by intravital microscopy. Behavioral studies show that in recovered mice from infection there is long-term cognitive impairment expressed as a deficit in spatial memory compared to control mice. Brain MRI imaging shows decreased myelin content in the corpus callosum. In the blood, the levels of cytokines/chemokines including KC (IL-8 in humans) and IL-6 are highly increased. In the cerebrospinal fluid KC is the only chemokine increased. S. pneumoniae infection causes pneumonia and sepsis associated with brain inflammation and long-term cognitive impairment. More studies are underway to further characterize the role of the neutrophils as well as the cytokines and chemokines in the brain inflammatory injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".