Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liver disease in pregnancy should be considered clinically as either incidental, pre-existing or specific to pregnancy. Incidental liver disease, such as acute viral hepatitis, can occur in any trimester; herpes hepatitis must always be considered as it is treatable. Pre-existing liver disease should be known about or rapidly diagnosed, as fetal and maternal outcomes are less good compared to mothers without liver disease. Prevention of complications of cirrhosis and of viral transmission of hepatitis B are very important. Specific liver diseases related to pregnancy are hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, which presents with itching and then jaundice in late second or third trimester, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy and pregnancy toxaemias, including HELPP syndrome, which present in the third trimester. The latter diseases have considerable overlap in their clinical presentation, laboratory profiles and histological findings. In some cases, there is a fetal, inherited, homozygous enzyme defect in long chain fatty acid metabolism, which affects the heterozygous mother. Early delivery is indicated as the fetus is at risk; liver biopsy is not necessary to manage these patients, but imaging techniques must be used to rule out the complication of subcapsular or intrahepatic haematomas of the liver, which may rupture, as well as chronic liver disease and tumours. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy requires treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, which improves itching and maternal well being and fetal outcomes. Previous liver transplantation is not a contraindication to pregnancy, but the pregnancy itself must be monitored as for other high-risk categories.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".