Prolonged Dynamic Changes in Autonomic Heart Rate Modulation Induced by Acid Laryngeal Stimulation in Non-Sedated Lambs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exaggerated laryngeal chemoreflexes (LCR) have been implicated in the occurrence and prolongation of apnea in premature and term neonates. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that the cardiovascular component of the LCR can occur and be prolonged in the absence of apnea. METHODS: Bolus injections of 0.5 ml of citric acid (CitAc) and serum saline were administered onto the larynx in seven non-sedated lambs, aged 4-5 days, during quiet sleep. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) variability measurements were taken and compared with results obtained prior to stimulation and with saline. RESULTS: Apneas were rare and occurred consistently in the 32-beat period (10 s) following stimulation. The increase in BP and decrease in HR were consistent after CitAc and saline. All the studied components of HR variability significantly increased after CitAc, but not after saline. The low frequency estimates were significantly increased during a 480-beat period (133 +/- 6.6 s) following CitAc stimulation. Analysis of gains and respiration showed that bradycardia and HR variability changes were neither related to an apnea nor a vagal arterial baroreflex. CONCLUSION: This long-lasting increase in HR variability indicates a prolonged disturbance of the cardiovascular regulatory systems, consisting in increased sympathetic and parasympathetic tones following CitAc stimulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".