Aqueous synthesis and growth of morphologically controllable, hierarchical Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanostructures
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report a simple route for the synthesis of several morphologies of self-assembling hierarchical Ni(OH) 2 nanostructures, by the reaction of NiSO 4 and NH 4 OH in aqueous solution, at a constant temperature, using neither surfactant nor template. Both morphology and microstructure depend on the concentrations of the reactants, the reaction temperature and the anions (Cl − , .., N O 3 − and S O 4 2 − ) present. The nanostructures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). When S O 4 2 − is used, irrespective of the presence of other anions, only microspheres of hierarchical Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets are present, suggesting that this anion plays a critical role in microsphere formation. Electrochemical characterizations of Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets show good supercapacitor performance, with relatively high capacity and excellent rate capability, indicating that these hierarchical Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets are serious candidates for energy storage applications. The growth mechanism for nanosheet formation is discussed, based on SEM observations under different preparation conditions, detailing the transition from nanoparticles to nanowires to nanosheets. The specific surface area and the thickness of our Ni(OH) 2 nanosheets have been determined to be 149.6 m 2 g −1 and 20–30 nm, respectively.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it