AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE NEW AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: A NONLINEAR IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of the research reported here is to develop a more flexible and comprehensive policy simulation model for imperfectly competitive international agricultural trade with various trade and domestic support policies. The model is a nonlinear imperfectly competitive spatial equilibrium model formulated as a MCP. The model is flexible in that it can simulate the economic effects of the following trade policies: specific duties, ad valorem tariffs, tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies, production subsidies, production quotas, consumption taxes and price floor, combined with various imperfectly competitive market structures. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated with an application to international wheat trade simulated under several alternative scenarios based on proposals of major countries as well as the agreement between China and the United States on China's participation in the 11'70. The main empirical findings are as follows. Keeping the committed 1000 support levels under the current WTO agricultural agreements would be favorable for wheat producers in tile European Community and Canada, but harmful to the United States w-heat sector. There would be little structural change in the world wheat trade in a case where China joins the WTO, keeping the other countries' policies at the committed 2000 support levels. Likewise, little structural change would occur in the case where the new WTO agricultural negotiations result in agreements favorable for importing countries. However, world wheat trade would drastically change under full trade liberalization. In this case, the European Community switches from the world's leading net exporter to the world's leading net importer of wheat. Also, China and India would become major net exporting countries, and net exports by the United States, Canada, and the Cairns group such as Australia and Argentina would expand tinder full trade liberalization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".