From Delgamuukw to Ritchersveld - are land claims in Canadian and South African law comparable?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kanadese grondeise gebaseer op inboorlingtitel (lIgDelgamuukwl/Ig beslissing) stem in verskeie opsigte ooreen met Suid-Afrikaanse grondeise gebaseer op inheemse eiendomsreg ( Richtersveld beslissing), maar daar is ook grondliggende verskille. Die belangrikste verskil is gelee in die aard van die reg wat geeis word. In die lIgDelgamuukwl/Ig beslissing het die Supreme Court of Canadal/Ig klem gele op die feit dat inboorlingtitel deel van die Kanadese gemene reg vorm en sui generis is deurdat dit 'n vermenging is van die eiendomsbeginsels van Kanadese inheemse reg, Engelse common law en Franse civil law . Daarteenoor het die Konstitusionele Hof in die lIgRichtersveldl/Ig saak beslis dat inheemse eiendomsreg nie aan die hand van Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenregtelike of Engelse common lawl/Ig beginsels beoordeel moet word nie, maar suiwer aan die hand van die inheemse regsbeginsels van die betrokke stam of gemeenskap. Alhoewel hierdie regte in albei regstelsels konstitusioneel erken en beskerm word, word daar in sowel die Kanadese as die Suid-Afrikaanse reg erken dat hierdie regte nie absoluut van aard is nie en dat die owerheid sodanige regte in gepaste omstandighede kan uitwis, wegneem of beperk. Daar is egter in die Kanadese reg omvangryke voorskrifte betreffende die fidusiere verpligtinge van die owerheid teenoor die oorspronklike bewoners en hulle regte ingevolge inboorlingtitel. In Suid-Afrika is daar nie soortgelyke fidusiere verpligtinge nie en bestaan daar slegs konstitusionele beskerming in die algemeen. Dit is dus dringend noodsaaklik dat die fidusiere verpligtinge van die staat teenoor inheemse grondgebruike en -gebruikers uitdruklik uitgespel word. In albei regstelsels word erkenning verleen aan die feit dat hierdie regte ekonomiese implikasies inhou en dat dit nie net gebruik en okkupasie van grondstukke behels nie, maar ook mineraalregte insluit. Die bepaling van die inhoud van inheemse eiendomsreg is van groot belang by die formulering van 'n beleid oor die hantering van grondeise gebaseer op kommunale eiendom in Suid-Afrika.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".