Raising the Dead: The Use of Osteo-Archaeology to Establish Identity at the Little Dutch Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper looks at the role that the discovery of unknown human skeletal remains and their analysis plays in modern notions of identity and connection to place. This theme is prominent in a study of a mid-eighteenth-century mass grave discovered under the Little Dutch Church, Halifax. The church, built in 1756, is the oldest associated with German immigration and Lutheranism in Canada. In 1999, its role in the chronicle of German settlement was recognized in its commemoration as a National Historic Site. Recent state-driven heritage policies have employed sites such as the little Dutch Church to highlight the role of ethno-cultural communities in nation building and to qualify past Anglo-French national meta-narratives. However, such commemorations fail to acknowledge the numerous voices and corresponding silences that resonate in all sites. Multiple layers of meaning are often present, as is evident in an analysis of the occupants of the mass grave. This analysis has raised the potential for additional claims—notably Black and aboriginal North American — to the site's heritage. Resume Cet article traite du role que la decouverte de restes humains inconnus et leur analyse jouent dans les concepts modernes d'identite et d'appartenance a un lieu. Il s'agit d'un theme majeur de l'etude d'une fosse commune du milieu du XVIIIe siecle decouverte sous la petite eglise hollandaise de Halifax. Construite en 1756, cette eglise est la plus ancienne a etre associee a l'immigration allemande et au lutheranisme au Canada. En 1999, son role dans l'histoire de la colonie allemande a ete reconnu par une ceremonie marquant son elevation au rang de site historique national. De recentes politiques gouvernementales en matiere de patrimoine permettent d'utiliser des sites comme celui de la petite eglise hollandaise pour souligner le role des minorites ethnoculturelles dans la formation du peuple canadien et pour temperer les vieux metarecits nationaux « anglo-francais ». Mais de telles commemorations ne parviennent pas a temoigner des nombreuses voix et des silences correspondants qui resonnent dans tous les sites. Pusieurs strates de signification se superposent souvent, comme c'est le cas dans une analyse des occupants de la fosse commune. Cette analyse souleve la possibilite d'autres revendications patrimoniales de ce site, notamment de la part: des Noirs et des Autochtones de l'Amerique du Nord.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".