International Year of Planet Earth 9. Geology in the Urban Environment in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over 80% of Canadians are urban dwellers, and geology plays a major role in their living environment. Aggregates, water supply, waste disposal, and building problems associated with compressible or sensitive sediments, swelling clays, and dense tills, are major urban geological concerns. A variety of geological hazards impact our cities, including earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic eruptions, landslides, flooding and, along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, sea level rise. New urban challenges arise from declining reserves of fossil fuels and global climate change, both of which require a rapid transition to alternative energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal) and rebuilt infrastructure. Canada will increasingly face urban issues that require enhanced public education and the services of geologists. SOMMAIRE Plus de 80 % des Canadiens sont citadins, et la geologie joue un role majeur dans leur milieu de vie. Qu’il s’agisse d’agregats, d'approvisionnement en eau, de l'elimination des dechets, et de problemes de construction lies aux sediments compressibles ou sensibles, d’argiles gonflantes, et de tills denses, voila autant de preoccupations geologiques majeures concernant les agglomerations urbaines. Une variete de risques geologiques ont des repercussions sur nos villes, dont les tremblements de terre, tsunamis, eruptions volcaniques, glissements de terrain, inondations et, l’elevation du niveau de la mer le long des cotes du Pacifique et de l'Atlantique. Des defis recents se posent pour les agglomerations urbaines du au declin des reserves de combustibles fossiles et au changement climatique mondial, chacun imposant une transition rapide vers des sources d'energie alternatives (eoliennes, solaire, geothermique) et une reconfiguration des infrastructures. De plus en plus le Canada est confronte a des problemes urbains qui appellent une amelioration des connaissances de la population et un recours accru aux services des geologues.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.148 | 0.041 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".