Bibliographic record
Abstract
The international regulatory framework for intellectual property rights has been strengthened by the conclusion of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement for Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In terms of copyright, the new regulatory framework calls for all member countries to comply with the substantive provisions of the Berne Convention (1971) for the protection of literary and artistic works, but it does not require the observance of moral rights.The agreement enhances the monitoring capacity and enforcement capabilities on a global scale. Many of the countries which were not party to the Berne Convention have been brought into copyright law under the WTO framework. Thus, for the first time in International Law, member states are to provide within their national law effective procedures and remedies for the enforcement of intellectual property rights, either through the normal civil judicial process or through other appropriate measures. The main additions to the area of copyright as it relates to music and related rights (e.g., neighbouring rights) are: provisions that require authors and composers of sound recordings to be given the right to authorize or prohibit the commercial rental of their works to the public; provisions that require performers to be given protection from unauthorized recording and broadcast of live performances (e.g., bootlegging); the protection for performers and producers of sound recordings have been expanded from a prior minimum of 20 years under the Rome convention to no less than 50 years; provisions that require that broadcasting organizations would have control over the use that can be made of broadcast signals wthout their authorization, for at least 20 years.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".