"Comprehensive Monograph of Contemporary Medicinal Plants (Volumes I-IV)" by Zhao Zhongzhen and Xiao Peigen. 2008. [book review]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ginkgo is a genus of highly unique plants with one extant species, Ginkgo biloba, which is a long-lived, stress-tolerant, disease-, pest-, and fire-resistant dioecious tree, referred to as a living fossil by Charles Darwin in 1859.The only surviving member of its family, Ginkgo leaf was first mentioned in Lan Mao's book Pharmaceutical Natural History of Southern Yunnan (1436) in the Ming dynasty of China.Engelbert Kaempfer (1651-1716), a German botanist, firstly gave a scientific description of this species in his book Amoenitatum exoticarum (1712), and formly gave it its name according to a phonetic pronunciation of a Chinese or Japanese word.It was reported that fossils recognizably related to modern Ginkgo biloba date back to the Permian, some 270 million years ago.The genus diversified and spread throughout Laurasia during the middle Jurassic and Cretaceous, but became much rarer thereafter.At the end of the Pliocene, Ginkgo fossils disappeared from the fossil record everywhere apart from a small area of central China where the modern species survived.Chinese people, especially the monks in history formally, have long cultivated Ginkgo, thereby contributing to its survival as a species.All the present Ginkgo trees originated from China and were introduced into Europe in the 1700s, and then spread to other continents.Ginkgo not only has scientific value in terms of research on its evolution and genetic tenacity, but also its medicinal and ornamental applications.Ginkgo has been used in medicinal botanicals in China for more than 2000 years.Nowadays, more and more medicinal functions of its leaves and seeds are being extensively revealed by scientists all over the world, with a focus on the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) being prepared from the dried green leaves.At present, Ginkgo has become one of the most common trees along the sidewalks in many cities of the world due to its urban tolerant traits and the beautiful shape and colour.China is the hometown of modern Ginkgo trees.The small-sized natural Ginkgo populations were extensively distributed over different geographical areas of China.The cultivation area of Ginkgo covers wider re-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".