Bibliographic record
Abstract
According to its most enthusiastic support- ers, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Free- doms1 fulfills two major functions in Canada’s democratic regime: 1) it shields minorities from the excesses of majoritarian decision-making, in effect guarding against the famous “tyranny of the majority”; and 2) it shields the majority from the excesses of power concentrated in the Canadian executive (“executive dictatorship”). While these two claims are in considerable ten- sion with each other, there is an even more im- portant conflict between each of them and the widely-accepted notion that most Charter cases arise from reasonable disagreements over cor- rect policy. It is difficult to work through these overlapping tensions without questioning the orthodoxy that judicial power under the Char- ter compensates for the lack of moderating checks and balances within our parliamentary system of government. To question that ortho- doxy is in turn to rediscover the merits of an older view, dating back to the founders, that did not consider the idea of parliamentary checks and balances to be an oxymoron. The rediscov- ery of parliamentary checks and balances does not imply the undesirability of additional judi- cial checks, but it does require a more nuanced understanding of those checks than the ortho- doxy provides.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.032 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".