Oxidative damage increases with age in a canine model of human brain aging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We assayed levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and both oxidized and reduced glutathione to study the link between oxidative damage, aging and beta-amyloid (Abeta) in the canine brain. The aged canine brain, a model of human brain aging, naturally develops extensive diffuse deposits of human-type Abeta. Abeta was measured in immunostained prefrontal cortex from 19 beagle dogs (4-15 years). Increased malondialdehyde (MDA), which indicates increased lipid peroxidation, was observed in the prefrontal cortex and serum but not in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyl formation) also increased in brain. An age-dependent decline in GS activity, an enzyme vulnerable to oxidative damage, and in the level of glutathione (GSH) was observed in the prefrontal cortex. MDA level in serum correlated with MDA accumulation in the prefrontal cortex. Although 11/19 animals exhibited Abeta, the extent of deposition did not correlate with any of the oxidative damage measures, suggesting that each form of neuropathology accumulates in parallel with age. This evidence of widespread oxidative damage and Abeta deposition is further justification for using the canine model for studying human brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".