Iodized salt benefits infant mental development: preliminary results from a cluster randomized trial in Ethiopia (389.4)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is thought to contribute to delayed mental development. The effectiveness of iodized salt programs to eliminate this delay has not been studied in children under 36 months. Using a cluster randomized design, 1880 infants 6 to 10 mo old were administered Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID‐III) in 60 villages in Amhara, Ethiopia. Following salt iodization legislation, iodized salt was forced early into the markets of 30 villages (intervention group) before it became available in the 30 control villages. The two groups had similar socioeconomic, nutrition, and mental development scores at baseline. The same children (86% of the baseline sample) were re‐assessed with the BSID‐III when 20 to 29 mo of age. Analysis was done with a linear mixed model. The intervention group had significantly higher scores at reassessment on three of the four subscales: cognitive (std mean 6.4 vs 6.1, p<0.05), receptive language (std mean 7.2 vs 6.9, p<0.05), expressive language (std mean 6.4 vs 6.2, ns), and fine motor (std mean 7.94 vs 7.63, p<0.05). Effect sizes were small (d=0.11), possibly due to the low socioeconomic status, diet diversity, and stimulation as well as high prevalence of stunting and access to iodized salt in some control areas that may have hampered greater benefits that iodine alone could provide. Grant Funding Source : Supported by Micronutrient Initiative, Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".