A 9-16Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit with three-state phase detector and dual-path loop architecture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper describes the design and fabrication of a clock and data recovery circuit. This clock and data recovery circuit utilizes a novel half-rate three-state phase detector. The proposed phase detector is fully symmetric and has low propagation delay that makes it attractive for high speed applications. The proposed clock and data recovery circuit also implements a novel half-rate frequency detector. This frequency detector automatically remains disabled during the locked state. The proposed CDR circuit implements dual-path loop architecture. The dual path architecture suppresses the jitter peaking. The proposed clock recovery system is fabricated in a CMOS 0.18/spl mu/m technology. Measurements show that the CDR is functional for a data rate in the range of 9-16GHz. The circuit, including the output buffers, dissipates 310mW power from a 1.8V power supply for a 16Gb/s input data rate and 250mW power for a 10Gb/s input data rate. The peak-to-peak jitter of the recovered clock oscillating at 5 GHz and 8GHz are 10ps and 14ps, respectively. The effective die size is 1mm /spl times/ 0.8mm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".