Coated Particle Fuels for High‐Temperature Reactors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article contains sections titled: Introduction History ofHTGRsand Coated Particle Fuel Development HTGRsBuilt and Operated HTGRsDesigned but Not Built Modular Reactors (1980sDesign) Current Modular Reactor Designs Coated Particle Fuel Development Development in theUK Development inGermany Development in theUS Recent Directions Fuel Manufacturing Processes FuelKernel Manufacture Powder Metallurgical Process Sol–Gel Process Gel‐Precipitation Process forUO2Kernels Gel‐Precipitation Process forUCOKernels Fabrication ofPuO2Kernels Ceramic Coatings by CVD Pyrolytic Carbon (PyC) Coatings Silicon Carbide (SiC) Coatings Fuel Element Manufacture Spherical Fuel Elements for Pebble‐Bed Cores Hexagonal‐Block Fuel Elements for Prismatic Cores HTGRFuel Materials Properties Properties ofUO2Fuel Kernels Thermal Properties ofUO2 Mechanical Properties ofUO2 Swelling Rate ofUO2 Properties of Pyrolytic Carbon (PyC) Coatings Thermal Properties ofPyC Theoretical Density ofPyC Mechanical Properties ofPyC Irradiation‐Induced Dimensional Change ofPyC Properties of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Coatings Thermal Properties ofSiC Mechanical Properties ofSiC Swelling Rate ofSiC Fuel Quality Control and Performance Evaluation Quality Control ofUO2Kernels Quality Control of Coated Particles Quality Control of Spherical Fuel Elements Failure Statistics and Performance Requirements The Mathematics of Failure Statistics Statistical Analysis of Fuel Element Manufacture Statistical Analysis of Irradiation Performance Statistical Analysis of Accident Condition Performance Comparison to Performance Requirements Fuel Performance under Normal Operating Conditions Irradiation Testing of Modern UO2TRISO‐Coated Particles Accelerated Irradiations in Material Test Reactors HFR‐P4 Test SL‐P1 Test HFR‐K3 Test FRJ2‐K13 Test FRJ2‐K15 Test FRJ2‐P27 Test Conduct of the Accelerated Tests HTRMODUL Proof Tests HFR‐K5 andHFR‐K6 AVRReal‐Time Irradiation Testing Performance Assessment for Normal Operating Conditions Fuel Performance under Accident Conditions Simulation of Core Heat‐Up after Depressurization under Dry Conditions Analysis of Accident Simulation Testing Behavior after Water and Air Ingress Simulation of Water Ingress Simulation of Air Ingress HTGRFission Product Generation and Transport Fission Product Generation Fission Product Transport Equivalent Sphere Model for Gas Release Recoil Release from Fuel Kernel Release from Post‐Irradiation Heating Tests Release of Short‐LivedXeandKrIsotopes Retention by a Single Coating Layer Release for a Single Shell Diffusion Data for Coating Layers Applicability and Uncertainties of Transport Data Transport and Release from Fuel Elements in Reactor Tests andHTGRs Fission Product Chemistry andCOGeneration inUO2 Coated Particle Failure Mechanisms Pressure‐Induced Failure Internal Gas Pressure Buildup Predicting Pre
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".