The significance of florid giant cell component in renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with multinucleated giant cells has been reported in the literature. Different types of multinucleated giant cells have been described, including the osteoclast-like giant cells, rhabdoid cells, syncytial giant cells and tumor multinucleated giant cells. RESULTS: We describe a unique case of a clear cell RCC with extensive giant cell component. Tumor giant cells were arranged in an alveolar pattern and formed more than 50% of the tumor. The rest of the tumor was a classic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. A rhabdoid component was also focally seen. The immunohistochemical profile of the giant cells showed positivity for RCC, vimentin and, very focal positivity for cytokeratins, and negatively for CD68. A traditional spindle cell sarcomatoid component was not seen. The patient had advanced disease at presentation with metastasis to peri-aortic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: Giant cells can rarely constitute a major component of renal cell carcinoma and it is not clear if these represent a sarcomatoid component or merely a higher grade of the epithelial component. These cells may have different immunohistochemical profiles in different cases and may therefore be of different derivation. This may necessitate the revision of current classification schemes for renal cell carcinoma. It is also not clear how the presence of the various types of giant cells in renal cell carcinoma and their amount affects the clinical outcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".