Anti-Poverty Policies and the Adoption of Bill 112 in Quebec: A Change of Path?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we address anti-poverty policies in Quebec and especially the adoption of Bill 112 in December 2002. We argue that apart from structural elements specific to the Quebec context, without the popular mobilisation initiated by the Collectif pour une loi sur l'elimination de la pauvrete, Bill 112 would not have been developed or passed into law. We show first how social actors have created a movement that changed the conditions of public action towards poverty, analysing the particular political opportunity structure of the time period (1995-2002) favourable to the Collectif and two internal dimensions of the movement: its efficient strategy, and the fact that poor people themselves were at the forefront of the mobilisation. We then argue that these changes are not equivalent for all poor persons in terms of material gains. We finish by suggesting that the most important change is cognitive. All in all, Bill 112 should be seen as an exception in the political treatment of poverty; but a moment that has only slightly changed the rules of the game and the possibilities for future state actions. Dans cet article, nous traitons des politiques anti-pauvrete au Quebec et specialement de l'adoption de la Loi 112 en decembre 2002. Nous soutenons que mis a part des elements structurels specifiques au contexte quebecois, sans la mobilisation populaire initiee par le Collectif pour une loi sur l'elimination de la pauvrete, la Loi 112 n'aurait pas ete proposee ou adoptee. Nous montrons, dans un premier temps, comment les acteurs sociaux ont cree un mouvement qui a change les conditions de l'action publique envers la pauvrete, en analysant la structure d'opportunite politique de la periode (1995-2002) favorable au Collectif ainsi que deux dimensions internes du mouvement: sa strategie efficace et le fait que les personnes pauvres elles-memes etaient a l'avant-plan des mobilisations. Nous soutenons, ensuite, que ces changements ne sont pas identiques pour toutes les personnes pauvres, en termes de gains materiels et nous terminons en suggerant que le changement le plus important est surtout cognitif. Tout bien considere, la Loi 112 doit etre vu comme un moment d'exception dans le traitement politique de la pauvrete; mais un moment qui change les regles du jeu (meme marginalement) et les possibilites de l'action publique future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".