Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) and depression: cause or effect?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Both nausea and vomiting and depression are common conditions affecting women during pregnancy. Several studies have linked depression with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP); however, researchers were unable to determine whether depression was caused by NVP or by a pre-existing condition. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether NVP is associated with depression in women with no history of depression prior to pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective, observational, longitudinal study. Women with no diagnosis of depression who contacted The Motherisk Program prior to becoming pregnant or were at < 6 weeks gestation were enrolled in the study. Each woman was interviewed at 8, 11, 18, 30 weeks gestation and at 6-18 weeks post-partum. At each interview, we administered the EDPS, Wellbeing and PUQE questionnaires and analyzed the data for correlation between depression and NVP. RESULTS: Data were analyzed obtained from 57 women. There were five EPDS scores ≥13 (one at baseline and two each at weeks 8 and 11) considered indicative of depression and 11 cases with PUQE scores ≥7, indicative of moderate-high severity of NVP. We did not find an association between high PUQE scores and high EPDS scores and conversely, there was no relationship between high EPDS scores and high PUQE scores. CONCLUSION: No association between depressive symptoms and NVP was observed; however, our sample size was very small and further studies could be done with a larger population of pregnant women.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".