Audit of IV Pantoprazole: Patterns of Use and Compliance with Guidelines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Institutional guidelines were developed to promote appropriate use of the IV proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole. The guidelines restricted use of this drug to patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding who were hemodynamically unstable or at high risk of rebleeding and patients requiring a proton pump inhibitor but designated NPO (unable to receive enteral medication or feeding). Objective: To describe patterns of use of pantoprazole and to determine compliance with the guidelines at a tertiary-care, university-affiliated institution. Methods: Drug utilization and compliance with guidelines were audited retrospectively. The medical records of all patients who received IV pantoprazole during the initial 6 months of use of this drug at the institution (February to July 2000) were reviewed. Results: Fifty-seven patients received IV pantoprazole during the study period: 46 for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 11 because they were NPO. In the group with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 30 (65%) of the orders were recommended by the gastroenterology service; however, only 16 (35%) of the cases clearly met the eligibility criteria of hemodynamic instability or high risk of rebleeding. Adherence to the dosing regimen in this group was 70% (32 cases), and mean duration of therapy was acceptable, at 73.0 h. In the NPO group, 6 (55%) of the treatment courses met the criteria set out in the guidelines. Continuous infusion was prescribed inappropriately for 4 (36%) of these patients. Mean duration of therapy was much longer, at over 200 h. Total expenditures for IV pantoprazole were approximately $13 000 over the 6-month audit period. Conclusions: Despite guidelines and prescribing restrictions, this criteria-based audit found that IV pantoprazole was used inappropriately in a substantial proportion of treatment courses. Prospective monitoring and intervention by pharmacists are recommended to ensure cost-effective use of this new therapeutic modality. RESUME Historique : Des lignes directrices pour l’etablissement de sante ont ete elaborees afin de favoriser l’utilisation adequate de l’inhibiteur de la pompe a protons par voie intraveineuse, le pantoprazole. Les lignes directrices limitaient l’administration de ce medicament aux patients souffrant d’hemorragies digestives hautes et presentant une instabilite hemodynamique ou un risque eleve de recidive hemorragique, et aux patients necessitant un inhibiteur de la pompe a protons qui ne pouvaient rien prendre par voie orale (chez qui l’alimentation ou la medication enterales etaient impossibles). Objectif : Decrire les habitudes d’utilisation du pantoprazole et determiner le degre d’observance des lignes directrices dans un etablissement de soins tertiaires affilie a une universite. Methodes : L’utilisation du medicament et l’observance des lignes directrices ont ete evaluees a posteriori. Les dossiers medicaux de tous les patients qui ont recu du pantoprazole I.V. au cours des premiers six mois de l’utilisation de ce medicament a l’etablissement de sante (de fevrier a juillet 2000) ont ete passes en revue. Resultats : Au total, 57 patients ont recu du pantoprazole I.V., dont 46 pour des hemorragies digestives hautes et 11 parce que l’administration enterale de medicaments etait impossible. Dans le groupe hemorragies digestives hautes, 30 (65 %) des ordonnances ont ete redigees par le service de gastroenterologie; toutefois, seulement 16 (35%) de ces ordonnances repondaient clairement aux criteres d’administration en cas d’instabilite hemodynamique ou de risque eleve de recidive hemorragique. Le taux d’observance du schema posologique dans ce groupe etait de 70 % (32 cas) et la duree moyenne du traitement etait acceptable, soit 73,0 h. Dans le groupe administration enterale impossible, 6 (55 %) des ordonnances repondaient aux criteres des lignes directrices. Une perfusion continue a ete prescrite indument chez 4 (36 %) de ces patients. La duree moyenne du traitement etait beaucoup plus longue, soit plus de 200 h. Les couts en pantoprazole I.V. etaient d’environ 13 000 $ au cours de la periode d’etude de six mois. Conclusions : Malgre les lignes directrices et les restrictions d’ordonnance, cette verification fondee sur les criteres a revele que le pantoprazole I.V. etait utilise de facon non appropriee dans un nombre considerable de schemas therapeutiques. La surveillance prospective et l’intervention par les pharmaciens sont recommandees pour assurer l’utilisation rentable de cette nouvelle modalite therapeutique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.026 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".