Under-saturated distribution of<i>Floerkea proserpinacoides</i>Willd. (Limnanthaceae) at the northern limit of its distribution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Habitat availability and dispersal ability are commonly the major factors controlling the distribution of habitat specialists. However, these species often have an “under-saturated” distribution, i.e., their habitat is more frequent than their populations. Floerkea proserpinacoides is an annual spring ephemeral plant of the deciduous forest of eastern North America. It is considered rare in most of its range. In Québec (Canada), where the species reaches the northern limit of its distribution, F. proserpinacoides is mostly restricted to rich, low woods on islands of the St. Lawrence River. To elucidate the factors responsible for this peculiar distribution, we determined the dispersal ability of F. proserpinacoides nutlets and attempted to establish new populations at apparently suitable, but unoccupied sites within the species range in Québec. Primary dispersal is barochorous and nutlets have no accessory structures to assist in dispersal. Secondary dispersal is also limited, and nutlets typically move distances < 50 cm from their original point of fall. Yet, nutlets are buoyant and hydrochory is a possible means of long-distance dispersal. When nutlets were introduced at apparently suitable but unoccupied sites, the seeds could germinate and the individuals completed their life cycle. However, nutlets from different populations did not have the same success. The under-saturated distribution of F. proserpinacoides in Québec is not related to a lack of suitable habitat. Instead, long-distance dispersal events may be too infrequent to allow the occupation of all potential sites, or conditions may be too variable among years on certain sites to allow for population persistence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".