Association of consecutive Pi2‐Ps6 band pulsations with earthward fast flows in the plasma sheet in response to IMF variations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract On 11 March 2009, the H component had four consecutive bay‐like variations accompanied by positive and negative deflections in the D component across the Atlantic like those affected by the substorm current wedge formation. A train of pulsations with a frequency range 2–10 mHz (referred to as Pi2‐Ps6 band), sensed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)/Canadian Array for Real‐time Investigations of Magnetic Activity (CARISMA) magnetometers, had clearly three consecutive Pi2s followed by a Ps6 at low latitudes, but first Pi2 and then Ps6 at high latitudes mixed with large‐amplitude Ps6 at midlatitudes. The geostationary orbit magnetometers sensed similar magnetic perturbations. THEMIS probes first observed earthward fast flows, magnetic dipolarizations, and modulated energetic particle fluxes at ~ XGSM −9.2 RE, then at ~ XGSM −7.5 RE for Pi2 and at ~ XGSM −18.0 RE only for Ps6. They appeared during a very quiet period for northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with a clock angle variation of low to high and then low. The H spectrum shows two harmonic frequencies ~2–4 mHz and ~8–10 mHz but the D spectrum one dominant frequency ~2–4 mHz. Pi2 can result from a combination of fast magnetospheric and plasmaspheric cavity resonances and Ps6 from a fast magnetospheric cavity resonance. The surface waves at the interface separating braking earthward fast flows from the ambient plasma convection region could lead to large‐amplitude Ps6 at midlatitudes. Hence, consecutive Pi2‐Ps6 band pulsations can be associated with earthward fast flows in the plasma sheet, expectedly driven by magnetotail reconnection, respectively, in the near‐Earth region and the distant Earth one in response to IMF variations as in the two‐neutral‐point model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".