Giant electrostriction and stretched exponential electromechanical relaxation in 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unipolar electric field-induced strain was studied in the [001]cub-oriented 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.35PbTiO3 crystals with the composition close to the morphotropic phase boundary, which are known to show enhanced piezoelectric properties. Polarized-light microscopy was used to study the domain structure. In the samples containing the mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal ferroelectric phases, a giant electrostrictive effect was found to exist after poling, in addition to the piezoelectric effect. The a domains of the tetragonal phase with polarization perpendicular to the poling field were observed. Their existence in the poled crystals is due to the elastic interactions with the rhombohedral domains. The electromechanical response of the tetragonal a domains, which should be purely electrostrictive due to the crystal symmetry, is suggested to provide the intrinsic contribution to the observed electrostriction. The extrinsic contribution to electrostriction is explained by the 90° reorientation of the a domains into the c domain state. Upon application of the driving field, the onset of extrinsic electromechanical response was found to follow the stretched exponential relaxation pattern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".