Bibliographic record
Abstract
Strategic Planning is a very popular decision-making framework and process for public management. However, theoretically the relationship between ‘strategic planning’ and ‘strategic management’ has been extremely debated as these two concepts have been appeared in some literature interchangeably. The paper is an attempt to see the real relationship between ‘strategic planning’ and ‘strategic management’. Methods: The paper has been written on the basis of qualitative method. The City of Ottawa has been considered as a case to see how the city authority treats strategic planning and strategic management in practice. In fact, the article outlines the theoretical and practical relationship of these two important concepts at municipal level. Results: It appears that strategic planning is an inevitable element of strategic management, which generally appears after strategic formulation. Therefore, strategic planning and strategic management are not the same , though the two terms have been used interchangeably in many literatures. Conclusion: The emergent urbanization and globalization have resulted in municipal governments moving towards strategic planning. The process of strategic planning is multi-layered and complex. The planning should be tied to strategic management to achieve strategic goals and objectives. Key words: City of Ottawa, Municipal Government, Strategic Analysis, Strategic Management, Strategic Planning Resume Objectif : La planification strategique est un cadre populaire de la prise de decision et un processus du management public. Neanmoins, la relation entre la « planification strategique » et le « management strategique » a deja ete discute profondement, car les deux concepts sont apparus interchangeablement dans des documents. L’article present tente d’eclairer la relation entre la « planification strategique » et le « management strategique ». Methodes : L’article present est accompli sur la base de la methode qualitative. La ville d’Ottawa est consideree comme un exemple pour etudier comment l’autorite municipale procede a la «planification strategique » et au « management strategique » dans la pratique. En fait, l’article present resume la relation theorique et pratique entre les deux concepts au niveau municipal. Resultat : Il semble que la planification strategique est un element inevitable du management strategique, qui apparait generalement apres la formulation strategique. Ainsi, la planification strategique et le management strategique ne sont pas la meme chose, bien que ces deux concepts sont utilises interchangeablement dans certains documents. Conclusion : L’urbanisation et la globalisation emergentes font que le gouvernement municipal se tourne vers la planification strategique. Le processus de la planification strategique est complexe et de multi-ordres. La planification doit s’attacher au management strategique pour realiser les buts et objectives strategiques Mots-Cles: ville d’Ottawa, gouvernement municipal, analyse strategique, management strategique, planification strategique
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".