The Role of MUC16 Mucin (CA125) in the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The majority of epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOCs) are derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). EOCs are the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies. Most patients present with advanced diseases in which tumor cells are disseminated throughout the peritoneal cavity. MUC16 serum level is a well-established marker for ovarian cancer (OC) progression and disease response to treatment. MUC16 is a high molecular weight, membrane associated-mucin, which is aberrantly expressed in advanced serous EOC. MUC16 is also expressed at the surface of corneal and respiratory epithelial cells, and the surface of female reproductive tract epithelium. It is however not expressed by the normal OSE. Like other membrane-bounded mucins, this glycosylated protein is primarily involved in the lubrification of epithelial luminal surfaces. MUC16 glycoprotein possesses unique structural motifs as compared with other membrane-bounded mucins. Its ectodomain is composed of a large heavily O-glycosylated N-terminus and a tandem repeat region with over 60 tandem repeats. MUC16 C-terminal domain (CTD) is composed of an extracellular unique region which contains a potential proteolytic cleavage site, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail with possible phosphorylation sites. MUC16 domains most likely have various functions resulting in activation of signalling pathways which regulate different tumor cell phenotypes. Indeed, recent functional studies have begun to uncover the unique role of MUC16 in the pathogenesis of OC. The present review will discuss the unique structure and functional roles of MUC16 in OC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".