Patrons, Clients, and Constitutions: Ethnic Politics and Political Reform in Kenya
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The euphoria that followed the 2002 elections in Kenya and the end of the increasingly authoritarian regime of Daniel arap Moi, soon dissipated as the regime of Mwai Kibaki slid into the business as usual of corruption, patronage and cronyism of politics in Africa's most strongly articulated informal system of ethnic-based patronage, one that originated in the colonial period and was refined and extended under the Kenyatta and Moi regimes. Kibaki's government dragged its heels on promised constitutional reforms. Even though the CKRC attempted a nation-wide consultative process and produced a popular "people's" constitution in the "Bomas" draft, the politicians co-opted the process with a revised draft shaped by ethnic interests and conflicts that was rejected in the fiercely contested referendum of November 2005 and split the ruling coalition, defining the bitter cleavages that dominated the 2007 election and erupted in the widespread violence that followed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".