Many-body-QED perturbation theory: Connection to the two-electron BetheSalpeter equation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The connection between many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) and quantum electrodynamics (QED) is reviewed for systems of two fermions in an external field. The treatment is mainly based on the recently developed covariant-evolution-operator method for QED calculations (I. Lindgren, S. Salomonson, and B. Åsén. Phys. Rep. 389, 161 (2004)), which is quite similar in structure to MBPT. At the same time, this procedure is closely related to the S-matrix and Green's-function formalisms and can therefore serve as a bridge connecting various approaches. It is demonstrated that the MBPTQED scheme, when carried to all orders, leads to a Schrödinger-like equation, equivalent to the BetheSalpeter (BS) equation. A Bloch equation in commutator form that can be used for an "extended" or quasi-degenerate model space is derived. This is a multi-state equation that has the same relation to the single-state BS equation as the standard Bloch equation has to the ordinary Schrödinger equation. It can be used to generate a perturbation expansion compatible with the BS equation even in the case of a quasi-degenerate model PACS Nos.: 01.65.+g, 02.60.Cb, 03.65.Pm, 31.10+z, 31.15Md, 31.30Jv
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".