Influence of Dominant Body Somatotype and Sex Difference on Q-angle and Selected Skeletal Measures Among Undergraduates in a South-Eastern Nigerian University
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The body somatotype is expressed in a three-number rating representing the endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy components respectively. Endomorphy is the relative fatness; mesomorphy is the relative musculoskeletal robustness; and ectomorphy is the relative slenderness of a physique.The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dominant body somatotype and sex difference on Q-angle and selectedskeletal measures (hip width and femur length) of undergraduates in a south-eastern Nigerian university. A total of 250 young adults (125 males and 125 females) aged 18 - 30 years participated in this study. The Heath-Carter Anthropometric Body Somatotyping method was used to measure the body somatotype of each of the participants. A goniometer and flexible tape were also used to measure the Q-angle, hip width and femur lengthof each of the participants. Data was summarized using mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages; and analysed using the student’s t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation at alpha level of 0.05. The mean ages of the male and female participants were 22.61 ± 2.56yrs and 21.92 ± 2.61yrs respectively. The results show that the most prevalent dominant body somatotype in males and females was mesomorphy. It can be concluded that each dominant somatotype has different values for Q-angle, hip width and femur length; thus establishing that dominant body somatotype and sex difference influences Q- angle, hip width and femur length.KEY WORDS: body somatotype, q-angle, hip width, femur length
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".