Bibliographic record
Abstract
The primary goal of our research has been to quantify the in vivo loading of normal and osteoarthritic (OA) joints, and to determine the corresponding biological responses. Much of the research in this area has been performed using articular cartilage explants. We feel that, although critically important to our understanding of cartilage mechanics and biology, these experiments may not be directly transferable to interpreting the in vivo joint mechanics and elucidating the detailed mechanisms of onset and progression of OA. Therefore, we have attempted to measure the loading of the knee in freely moving feline and lapine models of OA. We have found that, upon anterior cruciate ligament transection in the cat, knee joints are more flexed, muscle forces are decreased and muscle control patterns are destroyed. Articular cartilage initially becomes thicker, softer and more permeable, resulting in generally increased joint contact areas and decreased peak pressures in the initial stages of joint degeneration compared to control values. Based on our results, we speculate that unloading of the joint (rather than overloading), combined with poor muscular control and weakness, might constitute risks for the onset of joint degeneration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".