Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction Infection is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality (Christensen, 1982; Ohlsson et al., 1987). The aetiology of neonatal septicemia varies with geographical location and changes over time (Nyhan & Fousek, 1958; Ohlsson & Serenius, 1981; Ohlsson et al., 1986). From the 1960s onwards, Group B beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GBS) has been one of the most common causes of neonatal infectious morbidity and mortality in the USA (Eickhoffet al., 1964; Franciosi et al., 1973; McCracken, 1973), Canada (Allardice et al., 1982), the UK (Reid, 1975; Lloyd & Reid, 1976), Europe (Cayeux, 1972, Bergqvist, 1974; Bergqvist et al., 1978; Schroder & Paust, 1979; Speer et al., 1985; Vesikari et al., 1989) and Australia (Fliegner & Garland, 1990). GBS causes significant maternal perinatal morbidity (Institute of Medicine, 1985), bacteriuria in pregnancy (Hastings et al., 1986) as well as urinary tract (Munoz et al., 1992) and other infections in the adult non-pregnant population (Opal et al., 1988; Schwartz et al., 1991). Historical background Rebecca Lancefield described in 1933 a serological method for differentiating the haemolytic streptococci into a number of groups (Lancefield, 1933). At that time most severe streptococcal infections in the puerperium were caused by streptococci belonging to Group A (Charles & Larsen, 1986). In 1935 GBS was reported as a cause of mild puerperal infection (Lancefield & Hare, 1935), followed by a report of three cases of fatal GBS puerperal infection (Fry, 1938). GBS was subsequently confirmed as an important pathogen in the perinatal period (Nyhan & Fousek, 1958; Eickhoffet al., 1964; Franciosi et al., 1973; Hood et al., 1961). The organism The GBS, or Streptococcus agalactiae, is a Gram-positive diplococcus. The majority of strains (99%) are beta-haemolytic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".