Effects of Media, Backwash, and Temperature on Full‐Scale Biological Filtration
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Full‐scale biofiltration experiments demonstrated that good removal of biodegradable organic matter (BOM) following ozonation could be achieved without compromising particle removal. BOM removal by granular activated carbon (GAC) filter adsorbers and dual‐media filters was measured using total organic carbon (TOC) and certain BOM components (carboxylic acids). The authors investigated how filter backwashing with water, water and air scour, and water and air scour at collapse‐pulsing conditions affect filter biomass, BOM removal, and particle removal. At 21‐24°C, the media type did not affect BOM removal. At 1‐3°C, GAC provided substantially better removal of oxalate and TOC than did anthracite. For both media types, cold water oxalate removals were significantly impaired, compared with those achieved in warm waters. BOM removal was more resilient than particle removal to changes in backwash protocol. Phospholipid biomass concentration was not directly related to BOM removal by filters.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it