Deficiency of prolactin-inducible protein leads to a lower Th1 immune response in vitro and in vivo (70.2)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The prolactin-inducible protein (PIP) is a secretory protein strategically located at several ports of pathogen entry into the body and hence might play a role in the first line of immune defense against invading pathogens. To date, there are no studies that address the contributions of PIP against infection. Our previous studies show that PIP knockout (KO) mice had enlarged submandibular lymph nodes and thymic medulla. Here, we assessed the phenotype and responsiveness of immune cells from PIP KO mice to polyclonal T cell stimulators and model antigens in vitro and in vivo. We found that PIP KO mice have comparable numbers or frequency of immune cells, including T, B, natural killer and dendritic cells. In depth phenotypic analysis revealed that the PIP KO mice had slightly but significantly lower numbers of CD4+ T cells in their spleens and lymph nodes. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells from PIP KO mice showed significantly decreased proliferation, IL-2 production and impaired differentiation into Th1 subsets in vitro. The impaired in vitro Th1 response was confirmed in vivo where CD4+ T cells from OVA-immunized PIP KO mice showed significantly impaired proliferation and IFN-γ production following restimulation with OVA. Collectively, our findings implicate PIP as an important CD4+ modulatory protein that enhances Th1 cell response, and suggest that this protein might play critical roles in cell-mediated immunity and resistance to intracellular pathogens.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".