A 60 GHz system-on-package balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna with stepped dielectric director (BAVA-SDD) in LTCC
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To improve the performance of Vivaldi antennas, a novel stepped dielectric director (SDD) is designed. Compared to the same antenna without an SDD, the new antenna has higher gain. The SDD is added to a balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna (BAVA) to form a BAVA-SDD with dimensions of 12.4 × 4.2 × 0.776 mm3, which can be easily implemented in multilayered substrate technology. The director is created by extending the substrate of the existing antenna and using cavities to create a stepped profile. No further post-processing is required and a bandwidth limiting balun is unnecessary. Low temperature co-fired ceramic technology (LTCC) is used to implement the antenna and make it possible to integrate with other transceiver components to create a system-on-package solution (SoP). The BAVA-SDD displays a broad impedance bandwidth centered around 60 GHz and maintains a stable gain in this range. Measured results are in good agreement with simulations and indicate an insertion loss below −10 dB from 57 to 63 GHz and a boresight gain of 10.25 dBi at the center frequency of 60 GHz. To our best knowledge, this is believed to be the highest gain single element LTCC antenna reported at 60 GHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".