Circular polarisation from dual-layer square-ring microstrip antennas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stacked microstrip square-ring antennas are investigated for circular polarisation (CP). Enhancement of axial ratio bandwidth is obtained using stacked square rings and applying corner perturbations to both parasitic and driven rings. Both negative and positive corner perturbations are used and wide axial ratio bandwidths are demonstrated. A novel approach is presented, where a combination of positive and negative perturbations is adopted in the driven and parasitic rings, respectively, which resembles a sequential rotation and offers broad axial ratio bandwidth, along with a wide axial ratio beamwidth. The effects of finite ground plane on the CP performance of this antenna are studied, and methods are presented to overcome the problems associated with the degradation of the CP performance because of the finite ground plane. The effect of positioning the antenna asymmetrically on the ground plane is also studied, which shows that the ground plane symmetry is important for the CP antenna. The measured 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of approximately 5.15% is achieved for dual-layer square-ring antennas. The measured right-hand CP (RHCP) gain is in excess of 7 dBic for a wide frequency range. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".