Food security and livestock production amongst Haitian smallholder farmers (805.7)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Food insecurity (FIS) is highly prevalent in Haiti with an unequal distribution amongst the rural population. The objective of this study is to examine the contribution that livestock production has to food security in smallholder farmers. The level of FIS of 502 households was determined using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale. Households were categorized as severely FIS (62.0%), moderately FIS (28.3%), mildly FIS (7.2%), and food secure (2.6%). Livestock units (LSU) per household were calculated to examine the contribution of livestock to food security. Food secure households had a mean of 11.5 LSU, mildly FIS had 9.3 LSU, moderately FIS had 6.5 LSU, and severely FIS had 5.4 LSU. All differences between categories were statistically significant (P< 0.001). Food secure farmers have also a higher estimated monetary value on livestock than food insecure farmers (P<0.001). Additionally, food secure households produce significantly more milk than all other categories. The findings show that having more livestock units might positively impact the food security status of small farmers, as well as their ability to produce animal source foods. The study shows the importance of animal production among Haitian small farmers, which might be linked to intake of animal source foods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".