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Record W1550692498 · doi:10.1002/9780470513965.ch9

Mesolimbic Dopamine Activation—The Key to Nicotine Reinforcement?

2007· review· en· W1550692498 on OpenAlex
Paul B. S. Clarke

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueNovartis Foundation symposium · 2007
Typereview
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicNicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
Canadian institutionsMcGill University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNicotineStimulantDopamineDopaminergicAmphetamineMesolimbic pathwayNeuroscienceNucleus accumbensPharmacologyNicotinic agonistChemistryReceptorPsychologyMedicineVentral tegmental areaInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system appears to mediate the rewarding effects of certain stimulant drugs, such as (+)amphetamine. Autoradiographic mapping techniques have revealed that these neurons are potential targets for nicotine, since they possess nicotinic receptors located on their cell bodies and terminals in rat brain. Functional studies are consistent with this proposal: nicotine can increase the firing rate of these neurons, and nicotine-induced dopamine release has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The locomotor stimulant effect resulting from the acute administration of nicotine is accompanied by, and appears to be dependent upon, activation of mesolimbic neurons. Likewise, destruction of this system appears to attenuate the acute rewarding effects of intravenous nicotine in rats. Thus, when administered intermittently, nicotine, like certain other stimulant drugs, may activate the mesolimbic dopamine system, and this action may contribute to the tobacco habit.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.965
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.044
GPT teacher head0.355
Teacher spread0.311 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it