10.1016/s0967-0653(97)82965-1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The specific abiotic conditions of the Wadden Sea favour the growth of a distinct phytoplankton population which is characterized by the dominance of diatoms with a high proportion of tychopelagic forms all the year round. In contrast, dinoflagellates usually prevail in the summer-stratified offshore areas, whereas the intermediate coastal water is subject to a strong variability involving the coexistence of dinoflagellate and diatom blooms in summer as well as the local formation of exceptional mass occurrences of specific phytoplankton and protozooplankton forms, being concentrated at frontal gradients. The predominance of dinoflagellates in the stratified regions of the German Bight is reflected by the quantitative occurrence of resting stages in recent sediments. These show a general increase in abundance from shallow sites to deeper areas. Sandy mud stations exhibited the highest cyst abundance and diversity. About 15% of the locally recorded dinoflagellate species contribute cysts to bottom sediments. It is concluded that benthic cysts are of minor importance for the initiation of dinoflagellate blooms in the area. The degree of turbulence rather than nutrient availability seems to be a fundamental factor controlling the predominance of dinoflagellates and diatoms in the inner German Bight. It is suggested that the diatom communities in the mixed nearshore waters are constrained by a frontal circulation cell. This ensures the maintenance of the species in their shallow habitat, which may be of essential importance for tychopelagic forms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.990 | 0.993 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".