Consumption of Juvenile Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) by Larger Conspecifics During an Electrofisher Sampling Event
Bibliographic record
Abstract
lectrofishing is an effective capture method often used for fish sampling in streams and lakes.An electric current is produced in the water between a cathode and anode; fish caught in the electric field are temporarily "stunned" for easy netting.The behavioural and physiological effects of electrofishing on fish have been the subject of much research (Reynolds 1996;Nielsen 1998).Some studies have detected feeding and growth reductions (Mesa & Schreck 1989;Thompson et al. 1997), altered blood parameters and cardiac function (Bracewell et al. 2004;Schreer et al. 2004), muscular hemorrhages (Schill & Elle 2000), spinal damage (Sharber & Carothers 1988), and mortality (Habera et al. 1996;Henry & Grizzle 2006).Other studies, such as Schneider (1992) and Barrett & Grossman (1998), failed to detect mortality or growth effects that were significantly different from those on control fish.In spite of the potential for injury in individual fish, populationlevel effects may be small in relation to natural mortality and growth variability (Schill & Beland 1995;Habera et al. 1996;McMichael et al. 1998) and electrofishing remains in common use.Nevertheless, it is generally recommended that power settings (voltage and amperage) be adjusted to the minimum required to achieve adequate samples for the size of fish and water conductivity in the sampled area (Reynolds 1996).Given the numerous studies documenting sub-lethal effects, it is often assumed that the stressful effects of electrofishing last hours or days (Reynolds 1996); however, published observations on the resumption of feeding activity are rare.This article provides an observation of very rapid resumption of feeding in juvenile bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus).This has important practical implications for field sampling.1 Consumption of Juvenile Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) by Larger Conspecifics During an Electrofisher Sampling Event Arndt, S.K. and Baxter, J.S. 2012.Consumption of Juvenile Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) by Larger Conspecifics During an Electrofisher Sampling Event.Journal of Ecosystems and Management 13(2):1-4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".