História da formação de professores em São Paulo (1875-1894): intersecções entre os ideais de professor e de escola
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This essay intends to analyze the construction of a school culture assessed from the pedagogical knowledge in course in the Escola Normal de São Paulo, at the end of the 19 th century.It assumes the premise that the knowledge thought of as necessary for the teaching profession are revealing of a professional teaching culture and of representations of ideal teachers and schools that one intends to form.Such knowledge can be identified in printed formation manuals offered to candidates to the magisterium and its appropriations made by these candidates, read through their discourses in exams at the Escola Normal.The period of time delimited for this study comprehends two decades, from 1875 to 1894.The year of 1875 corresponds to the second opening of the Escola Normal -moment in which, for the first time, written exams were taken in this school, offered to its students and to the candidates for public primary teaching.The year of 1894 marks the beginning of many changes in the structure and organization of the school, besides the reallocation of the Escola Normal to its own building.We seek here to demonstrate the relationship between the expansion of primary instruction and the initiatives in teacher education in particular institutions, above all in the Province of São Paulo in the last quarter of the 19 th century.From the analysis of the exams and pedagogical manuals, we try to identify certain conceptions of education, instruction, schools and teaching methods that were then circulating, as we understand that such aspects are essential to the understanding of the teacher's profile and of a model of school that was then intended.At last, we intend to bring to the surface an ideal of teacher in that time's ideology.In the period under scrutiny, the teacher has a central and exemplary role in the formation of desirable habits and conducts for the population.From the moment that the State assumes the responsibility for the instruction of its people, it institutes a more rigorous control over the educational process and, consequently, over the teacher.Turning him into a public employee under the tutorship of the State, it becomes possible to create control mechanisms that are more rigorous concerning the selection process for the teaching personnel, the authorized institutions for its formation, and the establishment of a group of requisite knowledge for the profession.In this process of professional constitution, it is possible to notice changing and permanent factors, articulated to a civilizational project -through the dissemination of habits, conducts and practices, typically the scholar ones -that orient and permeate society as a whole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".