Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study examines the governance of British America prior to the American Revolution. Examining the career of George Montagu Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax and First Lord of the Board of Trade and Plantations (1716–1771), it explores colonial planners and policymakers during the political hiatus between the age of Walpole and the age of imperial crisis. As metropolitan politicians vied for ministerial dominance, Halifax’s board played a vital role in shaping British perceptions of its growing empire. A repository of information, the board offered Halifax the opportunity to establish his own niche interest, for Britain and himself alike. Challenging the view that Britain’s attitude towards its American colonies was one of ignorance compounded by complacency, this study explores those charged directly with governing America, from the imperial centre to its westward peripheries. Between 1748 and 1761, Halifax sought to reform America from a motley assortment of territories into an ordered, uniform asset of the imperial nation-state. Exploring the governors themselves reveals a complex network of professional and personal loyalties, bound together through mutual self-interest under Halifax’s leadership. Confronted by the Seven Years’ War, Halifax’s plans and followers dissipated in the face of a global conflict, which established British America, but ultimately sowed the seeds of its destruction. Long overshadowed by the acknowledged ‘great men’ of his age, this study restores Halifax and his interest to its rightful place as a significant influence upon historical events, illustrating his grand, elaborate vision for an alternative British America that never was.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".