Geomorphological Processes Associated with an Ice-Marginal Lake at Bridge Glacier, British Colombia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Four well-defined strandlines mark the former extent and drawdown phases of an ice-marginal lake that was impounded by Bridge Glacier during the Little Ice Age. 14C dates, tree-ring counts and historic air photographs indicate that the lake stood at the highest strandline (L1) for about 550 years, and at the lower strandlines for only a few decades in total. Estimates of rates for geomorphic processes are based on absolute chronology, ground measurements and photogrammetry: benches along L1 may have been cut into bedrock and till at rates of about 3.6 and 7.3 cm yr~1 respectively; a spillway channel was incised into a lateral moraine at 2.2 m yr\ and mean bedload transport to a delta from a 6.25 km2 ice-covered sub-basin was about 945 m3 yr '. Major floods from the stable, rock-cut spillway of the highest lake, that may have been caused by temporary damming of the lake outlet by snowbanks or lake ice, constructed a large fan on the main Bridge Glacier outwash apron. The lower lakes probably drained catastrophically due to failure of moraine and ice dams, but the resulting floods were rapidly attenuated downstream.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".