Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in pericellular and interstitial spaces help to maintain local water homeostasis and blood coagulation balance. This study explored whether dehydrating microenvironment conditions influence dermatan sulfate's (DS) anticoagulant activity. Water transfer during antithrombin activation by dermatan sulfate was measured using osmotic stress techniques. Anticoagulant activity was determined from the change in the rate of coagulation factor Xa (fXa) inhibition. Osmotic stress accelerated reaction rates, indicating water transfer from reactants to bulk. The net volume transferred, measured using osmotic probes similar in size to the reacting proteins, was approximately 2500 mol of water per mole of fXa inhibited. The reaction efficiency, V(sat)/K 1/2 (rate at saturation/concentration resulting in half-maximal rates), determined in titrations with monosulfated dermatan sulfate and disulfated dermatan sulfate (DDS), were 4x10(4) and 2x10(5) M-1 s-1 under osmotic stress and in the presence of calcium, corresponding to 34- and 81-fold increases over efficiency measured under standard conditions. These results indicate that dermatan sulfate can contribute significantly to antithrombin activation, and that in dehydrating environments and depending of ionic conditions, its anticoagulant efficiency can exceed that of heparan sulfate (HS).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".