Musculoskeletal manifestations and autoimmune diseases related to new biologic agents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The anti-tumor necrosis factor agents are now widely used in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and juvenile inflammatory arthritis. One of the most common observations made during their use is the development of autoantibodies. The purpose of this paper is to review this phenomenon and its clinical implications. RECENT FINDINGS: While the development of different autoantibodies is a common encounter, rare cases of lupus-like syndromes have been reported. On the other hand, a variety of immune-mediated clinical manifestations have been described, including vasculitis and demyelinating syndromes. Rare cases of cytopenia and non-specific lung injuries have also been reported. SUMMARY: While these clinical complications are rare and isolated events, clinicians must be aware of their occurrence. The experience with the anti-tumor necrosis factor agents is rather short and new, unusual immune-mediated complications may still appear. Clinicians should be prepared to recognize them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".