The Post-9/11 Militarization of Higher Education and the Popular Culture of Depravity: Threats to the Future of American Democracy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article argues that the values of militarization are no longer restricted to foreign policy ventures; the ideals of war in a post-9/11 America have become normalized, serving as a powerful educational force that shapes everyday lives, memories, and daily experiences.The military has become a way of life, producing modes of education, goods, jobs, communication, and institutions that transcend traditional understandings of the role, territory, and place of the military in American society. Military values, social relations, and practices now bleed into every aspect of American life.What is distinctive about the militarization of the social order is that war becomes a source of pride rather than alarm, a powerful cultural and pedagogical force in which organized violence is elevated to a place of national honor, recycled endlessly through a screen culture that bathes in blood, death, and war porn. A primitive tribalism now grips American society as its democratic institutions and public spheres become inseparable from the military. The article analyzes how militarization has furthered in the U.S. both an aesthetics of depravity and a culture of cruelty, influencing spheres as seemingly remote from each other as higher education and the broader cultural apparatuses of popular and media culture. The article concludes by pointing to a number of struggles both inside and outside of higher education that need to address the threat of the new militarism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.037 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".