Sixty Years on the Margin: The Evolution of Ontario’s Tree Planting Industry and Labour Force: 1945–2007
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the evolution of Ontario’s tree planting industry and the segmentation of its labour force since the end of World War II. To do so, it draws upon Jamie Peck’s causal emphases of labour market segmentation: labour demand, labour supply, and the state. Concomitantly, it seeks to better conceptualize tree planting amongst other forestry and seasonal natural resource occupations, such as loggers and agricultural workers. The paper is organized around four distinct time periods, all of which are marked by significant changes to the structure and political economy of the forest products industry and legislation governing forest tenure and management. It also examines mechanization in the logging and tree planting industries, the shift from public to private service delivery, the role of unions, remuneration systems, the potential for the use of migrant guest workers, and the ensuing effects on the segmentation, marginalization, and stigmatization of tree planters in Ontario since the mid-1940s. Resumes Cet article examine l’evolution de l’industrie de la plantation d’arbres de l’Ontario et la segmentation de sa main-d’œuvre depuis la fin de la Deuxieme Guerre Mondiale. Pour ce faire, il se base sur la mise en evidence non prescrite de Jamie Peck a l’egard de la segmentation du marche du travail : la demande de la main-d’œuvre, la disponibilite de la main-d’œuvre, et l’Etat. En meme temps, il cherche a mieux conceptualiser la plantation d’arbres parmi d’autres occupations saisonnieres forestieres et de ressources naturelles, telles que les bucherons et les travailleurs agricoles. L’article est organise autour de quatre periodes de temps distinctes, dont toutes sont marquees par des changements importants a la structure et a l’economie politique des produits forestiers et a la legislation regissant la tenure et la gestion des forets. Il examine aussi la mecanisation dans les industries forestiere et de plantation d’arbres, le passage du service de livraison du secteur public au secteur prive, le role des syndicats, les systemes de remuneration, la possibilite de l’embauche des travailleurs migrants, et les effets consecutifs sur la segmentation, la marginalisation, et la stigmatisation des travailleurs de l’industrie de la plantation d’arbres en Ontario depuis le milieu des annees 1940.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".