Three-dimensional single-hydrophone tracking of a sperm whale demonstrated using workshop data from the bahamas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A passive acoustic localization method for tracking the movement of a clicking sperm whale in threedimensions using data from just one hydrophone is demonstrated using data made available for the 3rd International Workshop on Detection and Classification of Marine Mammals.One recording contains sperm whale clicks recorded on a bottom-mounted hydrophone on a steep slope of the Navy's AUTEC test range.When the direct-path acoustic ray arrivals from several clicks are time-aligned, persistent associated multipath arrivals of reflected ray paths can be identified for each click event and used for localization.Although the use of multipath arrival information is a standard procedure for range-depth tracking, a three dimensional estimate of whale position can be obtained from the same multipath information with knowledge of an azimuthally-dependent environment relative to the receiver.In this case, azimuthal distinction arises from varied bathymetry.Multipath arrival patterns are matched to unique range-, depth-, and azimuth-dependent modeled arrival patterns to make an estimate of whale location.A three dimensional whale track in range, depth, and bearing from the fixed hydrophone is presented. s o m m a i r eOn démontre dans cet article une méthode de localisation acoustique passive pour suivre la trace d'un cachalot cliquant dans les trois dimensions utilisant les données d'un seul hydrophone, en utilisant les données disponibles à partir du Troisième Atelier Internationale sur la Découverte et la Classification des Mammifères Marins.On a enregistré les bruits secs du cachalot enregistré par un hydrophone monté au fond sur une pente raide du champ d 'essai d 'AUTEC de la Marine Américaine.Quand les arrivées des rayons acoustiques des plusieurs cliques avec des trajectoires directes sont alignés par intervalles, des arrivées multi-trajectoires associées et persistantes des trajectoires de rayons reflétés peuvent être identifiées pour chaque événement d 'une clique et peuvent être utilisées pour la localisation.Bien que l 'utilisation de l'information d 'arrivée multi-trajectoire soit une procédure normale pour suivre la trace portée-profondeur, une estimation en trois dimensions de la position des cachalots peut être obtienne en utilisant les mêmes informations multi-trajectoires si l'on connait l 'environnement azimuthalemmentdépendent relatif au récepteur.Dans ce cas, la distinction azimutale dérive de la bathymétrie variée.Les schémas des arrivées multi-trajectoires sont attribués aux schémas uniques qui dépendent de la portée, de la profondeur, et de l'azimut pour faire une estimation d 'emplacement du cachalot.Une trajectoire en trois dimensions qui montre la portée, la profondeur, et le rapport du hydrophone fixe est donnée.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".