Evidence for cyclooxygenase‐dependent sweating in young males during intermittent exercise in the heat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key points Previous studies implicate nitric oxide (NO) in the control of sweating during exercise in the heat; however, it is unclear whether cyclooxygenase (COX) is also involved. We demonstrated that exercise‐induced sweating at a moderate heat production (400 W, ∼40% was similarly reduced when COX and NO synthase were inhibited separately and in combination. Alternatively, inhibiting COX and/or NO synthase did not influence exercise‐induced sweating at a high heat production (700 W, ∼70% We show that both COX and NO are involved in sweating during exercise at moderate heat production and that the effects may not be independent. However, roles for COX and NO are less evident when heat production is elevated. The results lead to better understanding of the mechanisms of sweating and indicate that COX inhibitors (e.g. aspirin) may impair core body temperature regulation and thereby increase the risk of heat‐related illness. Abstract Our recent work implicated nitric oxide (NO) in the control of sweating during intermittent exercise; however, it is unclear if cyclooxygenase (COX) is also involved. On separate days, ten healthy young (24 ± 4 years) males cycled in the heat (35°C). Two 30 min exercise bouts were performed at either a moderate (400 W, moderate heat load) or high (700 W, high heat load) rate of metabolic heat production and were followed by 20 and 40 min of recovery, respectively. Forearm sweating (ventilated capsule) was evaluated at four skin sites that were continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with: (1) lactated Ringer solution (Control), (2) 10 m m ketorolac (a non‐selective COX inhibitor), (3) 10 m m N G ‐nitro‐ l ‐arginine methyl ester ( l ‐NAME; a non‐selective NO synthase inhibitor) or (4) a combination of 10 m m ketorolac + 10 m m l ‐NAME. During the last 5 min of the first exercise at moderate heat load, forearm sweating (mg min −1 cm −2 ) was equivalently reduced with ketorolac (0.54 ± 0.08), l ‐NAME (0.55 ± 0.07) and ketorolac+ l ‐NAME (0.56 ± 0.08) compared to Control (0.67 ± 0.06) (all P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained for the second exercise at moderate heat load (all P < 0.05). However, forearm sweating was similar between the four sites during exercise at high heat load and during recovery regardless of exercise intensity (all P > 0.05). We show that (1) although both COX and NO modulate forearm sweating during intermittent exercise bouts in the heat at a moderate heat load, the effects are not additive, and (2) the contribution of both enzymes to forearm sweating is less evident during intermittent exercise when the heat load is high and during recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".