Adaptive protection and control strategy for interfacing wind generators to distribution grids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Distributed generation (DG) from wind power becomes increasingly popular worldwide. However, the connection of large wind DGs onto existing radial distribution feeders cause challenges on proper operations of both DGs and their connected feeders. This paper proposes a new Network-enabled Adaptive Protection and Control (NAPC) strategy for properly interfacing wind DGs into distribution grids. The requirements of NAPC are defined according to IEEE 1547 Std. This paper presents the design of a NAPC system for interfacing three common types of wind DGs (doubly-fed induction generators, permanent-magnet synchronous generators, and squirrel-cage induction generators) to utility feeders, utilizing state-of-the-art digital signal processing and modern networking technologies. This paper also proposes a new two-layer network architecture for real-time monitoring of DG operations and their impacts on utility grids. This architecture is fault tolerant designed for monitoring a distribution system with lots of (over hundred) feeder nodes and multiple DG connections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".