An Econometric Analysis of Intergenerational Reliance on Social Assistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the intergenerational transmission of participation in Qus social assistance program. The analysis takes into account two sources of intergenera- tional transmission. The first one is due to a correlation across generations of individual characteristics which influence participation. The second one is due to a causal link bet- ween parents' and children' s participation. We also attempt to identify the periods during which parental receipt of social assistance has the strongest influence on the child' s pro- pensity to replicate this behaviour during adulthood. Our data is from the administrative records of Qu´ ebec's Ministe de la Solidarit´ e Sociale and covers 17 204 young people who were 18 years old in 1990 and whose parents were recipients of social assistance du- ring at least one month between 1983 and 1995. Our results reveal that a ten-percentage point increase in the parental participation rate during the youth's pre-adult years (age 7-17) raises the youth's participation rate by about two percentage points during early adulthood (age 18-21). We cannot, however, statistically reject the hypothesis that the impact of parental participation on the child' s future participation rate is independent of the childhood period at which it is experienced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".