Holocene soils/paleosols in the okstindan mountains, nordland: stratigraphy and extractable fe and al
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A chronosequence of surface and buried soils in moraines and outwash, ranging in age from iddle to ate olocene, i.e., Little Ice Age, and forming under alpine and subalpine vegetation in the kstindan ountains of central‐north orway (66o ) (ksskolten) was studied to determine if topographic/stratigraphic setting, weathering characteristics, soil/paleosol properties, / analysis, and extractable and could be used to elucidate information on paleoenvironment and age. The geochemical data previously published and geological mapping by the orwegian eological urvey indicate a uniform parent material in these profiles. Slight geochemical anomalies of higher , h and r in organic‐rich horizons are related to vegetation and/or higher water content at various times, confirmed by extractable evidence. The data interpretation also shows that extractable , principally o, is useful in identifying previous perched water tables, possibly generated by permafrost. The activity ratio of o/d (oxalate to dithionite) and the ratio d/t (dithionite to total ) appear useful in distinguishing older from younger soils on the basis of the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite+hematite. Pyrophosphate extracts, proved useful in determining movement of organically bound , and showed a pronounced difference between the alpine and subalpine environments. Oxalate‐extractable and dithionite‐extractable proved of little value in relative age determination, presumably because sodium dithionite does not extract all crystalline .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".