Bibliographic record
Abstract
High spatial resolution measurements in molten zinc at temperatures more than 600 °C are performed using a focused ultrasonic pulse-echo technique with clad metallic buffer rods. The focused ultrasonic waves are generated by a spherical acoustic lens which is fabricated at the end of the buffer rod. In order to evaluate its focussing ability, several experiments are carried out in molten zinc at 10 MHz. First, high resolution ultrasonic imaging is performed by raster scanning the sample in the focusing plane. The signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected signals from the sample surface at the focus is better than 35 dB which leads to very good ultrasonic images obtained from the amplitude or phase variation of the reflected signal. Second, the detection of a thin stainless wire with a diameter of 380 μm is carried out at 650 °C in molten zinc. It is found that not only the wire but also small inclusions existing in molten zinc may be detected. Third, in order to perform quantitative evaluation, V(z) curve measurements are performed. Both the leaky surface wave velocity of SiC immersed in molten zinc and the longitudinal velocity of molten zinc at 650 °C are successfully and simultaneously determined from the V(z) curve. Based on these results, the potential ability of this technique for the quantitative evaluation of the cleanliness in molten metals will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".